東京大学政策評価研究教育センター

CREPEDP-158

Number CREPEDP-158
Publication Date July 2024; revised in September 2024, June 2025, and October 2025
Title "Population Growth, Employment Protection, and Firm-level Distortions"
Author Cheng Chen and Takahiro Hattori
Abstract Declining growth of working-age population and establishment-level input distortions are important real-world phenomena. In this paper, we develop an establishment dynamics model to study how firing costs induce input distortions through the lens of growth of working-age population. We find that the negative impact of firing costs on aggregate productivity and output is amplified when the growth rate of working-age population declines. This is because slower growth of labor supply leads to fewer entering establishments and more persistent incumbents, which are less likely to exit and therefore more affected by firing costs. Using Japanese establishment-level data, we calibrate the model and reproduce age-specific establishment patterns consistent with stylized facts from the literature. We then conduct counterfactual analyses, showing that a decline in growth of working-age population has a quantitatively significant impact on establishment entry and establishment-level input distortions. Finally, we provide evidence using Japanese census data to support the model’s predictions on how the growth of working-age population influences establishment entry and labor input distortions.
Keywords growth of working-age population, employment protection and firing cost, establishment-level distortions
Other information Paper in English (52 pages)